I reverted the VM, installed the SSU, and then tried installing several of the office updates but they all gave the same errors:
C:\Users\Administrator>DISM.exe /Online /Add-Package /PackagePath:c:\Temp\excel.cab
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.14393.3750
Image Version: 10.0.14393.3241
An error occurred trying to open - c:\Temp\excel.cab Error: 0x80070002
Error: 2
The system cannot find the file specified.
The DISM log file can be found at C:\Windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log
C:\Users\Administrator>DISM.exe /Online /Add-Package /PackagePath:c:\Temp\excel.cab
Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.14393.3750
Image Version: 10.0.14393.3241
An error occurred trying to open - c:\Temp\excel.cab Error: 0x80070002
Error: 2
The system cannot find the file specified.
The DISM log file can be found at C:\Windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log