Windows Server 2016 Cumulative Updates fail since KB5040434

[Pihaar]

Hello there,

I have the problem that Cumulative Updates since CU KB5040434 (July 2024) can't be installed. Latest CU is KB5044293 which also fails with the following error code:
0x80070017

SFC fails at 39%.
DSIM fails with: 0x800f081f (The source files could not be found)

I've worked already with the CBS log.
Initially there were more than 100 errors shown for KB4540670, but I was able to fix them by reinstalling the KB + reinstalling the latest SSU.
Now I have the following errors that I was unable to solve:

Spoiler: CBS error messages

(p) CBS MUM Corrupt Package_4817_for_KB5037763~31bf3856ad364e35~amd64~~10.0.1.13
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt wow64_microsoft-windows-d..management-coredpus_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_922fd20491dfcc8b\coredpus.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt wow64_microsoft-windows-d..riseresourcemanager_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_afcba9cc1e516d82\enterpriseresourcemanager.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt x86_microsoft-windows-simauth_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_a03c913b52b769fe\SimAuth.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt wow64_microsoft-windows-d..anager-unenrollhook_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_4e70d6f0fd44b583\unenrollhook.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt wow64_microsoft-windows-d..management-omadmapi_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_2f3320e6ceb1398a\omadmapi.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt wow64_microsoft-windows-d..nagement-dmcfgutils_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_b2f3a3d50b0bd918\dmcfgutils.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt x86_microsoft-windows-simcfg_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_ce0d4c43d9f7ecb6\SimCfg.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt wow64_microsoft-windows-devicemanagement-iri_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_5621dfef1c271d96\iri.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt wow64_microsoft-windows-d..ement-dmoleaututils_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_4199363e877ff376\dmoleaututils.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt amd64_admin-dashboard_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.4046_none_068e5e08e99bbdc2\Windows Server Essentials Dashboard.lnk
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt amd64_microsoft.security.powershell.cmdlets_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.4046_none_91e95322f8611f0b\SecurityCmdlets.dll-Help.xml
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt msil_microsoft.identityserver.web.resources_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2580_zh-hk_0ef984dc82e76822\Microsoft.IdentityServer.Web.Resources.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt wow64_microsoft-windows-edp-audit_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_e51850cc7038d7e9\edpauditapi.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt amd64_microsoft-windows-rasriplistener_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2339_none_715ce347b773a9a5\iprip.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt amd64_microsoft-windows-d..r-commandline-setup_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2580_none_415ebf7fc2c52db6\dcpromocmd.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt x86_microsoft-windows-d..r-commandline-setup_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2580_none_e54023fc0a67bc80\dcpromocmd.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt amd64_admin-dashboard_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2636_none_064c7a6ae9cd51c3\Windows Server Essentials Dashboard.lnk
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt msil_microsoft.windows.f..plugin.ui.resources_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2368_de-de_53fdc749ddbc532a\Microsoft.Windows.FileServer.Management.Plugin.UI.resources.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt x86_microsoft-windows-eapttls_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_3c984e99fb005d44\TtlsCfg.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt x86_microsoft-windows-eapttls_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2457_none_3c984e99fb005d44\TtlsAuth.dll
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt amd64_microsoft-windows-tree-classextension_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.2515_none_5af1cb13353692f8\WindowsTrustedRT.sys
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.
(p) CSI Payload Corrupt amd64_admin-dashboard_31bf3856ad364e35_10.0.14393.0_none_be379f62a5c57c98\Windows Server Essentials Dashboard.lnk
Repair failed: Missing replacement payload.

Required files are attached. Thank you in advance!