Due to the number of corruptions, and the latest error. An in-place upgrade is tthe most effective way to resolve all the corruptions.
In-place upgrade
This will reinstall and update the operating system and fix any corruptions, without removing any file or program. But make always a backup of all your important data!
Go to this Microsoft page and under the title Create Windows 10 installation media press on Download tool now.
Save the tool on your Desktop and double click to run it.
On the License terms page, if you accept the license terms, select Accept.
On the What do you want to do page, select Create installation media (USB....) and then select Next.
Choose the ISO file option. Once the download is complete, right click the ISO and select the option Mount.
Open the Windows File Explorer and open mounted ISO, and run the setup.exe file.
Follow the instructions and click on the option Change what to keep.
Select the option Keep personal files and apps and click next.
Windows Setup will now start the in-place upgrade installation to repair Windows.