So what we've been doing so far is patching errors as they appear in your CBS.logs, this generally involves sourcing replacement files and registry entries from a working VM that are identical to how the corrupted items flagged in the logs should be.
Sadly the tools Microsoft supplies to do this do not usually give you a complete picture, and as I said earlier things generally are revealed piece by piece, each being dependant on you successfully patching the preceding one.
The failures of DISM are nothing to worry about, they were just caused by me not completely patching a previous error. One of the registry entries that needs patching is a ComponentFamilies entry, and sometimes there are more than one possible entry to use, and the CBS.log doesn't tell you which. However, if you patch everything else, then the following CBS.log does tell you, and you can then patch it. That's happened a few times now.
So in answer to your questions .... can we fix things, and are we progressing .... I would answer, yes we're progressing, and things are going the way that a great many update problems go, based on previous experience I would say there's a reasonable chance that we can fix things, I just can't say how long it might take.
Of course there's no guarantees. Sometimes (not very often) we come up against problems that we can't fix, or which we can't fix in an acceptable (to the person being helped) timeframe.
Anyway, looking over your latest logs now, will get back to you ASAP.