The best would be a Repair Install of your Windows 7. A Repair Install keeps all your files, programs and settings, but for that, you need an installation media (or at least an .iso) of the current version of Windows 7 you are running.
You can access the Advanced Boot Options, but it won't help us here. The biggest problem is that we don't have a clear error message when your upgrade to Windows 10 fail. This is why the upgrade process is "borked". "Something happened" doesn't tell us anything.
I was afraid you'd say that. Okay. I will start backing up my files, and I'll double check the programs I have to make sure I have the install media or licenses. Is there any chance you have a walkthrough for a factory reset you could link/paste for me? I've never done one before. Thank you so much for your help in trying to figure this out with me. I really do appreciate it - and you fixed some of the problem! So, you know... progress!
You're the best. I promise I'll check back in. It might take me a couple of days just to make sure the backups are working okay, but I'll let you know how it goes!